The Gulf Spill: BP's Culpability Grows

Updates:

The "Top Kill" solution seems to be working, and reports so far say that it has been effective at blocking the flow of oil and hydrocarbons from the well. Here is a link from BP describing the procedure, quantities of materials required, and desired out comes of this technique. (Link) So far news reports say the procedure is a success, however it will take a matter of days for the well to be completely sealed. With the track record of this event now going on 5 weeks, its difficult to be hopeful that anything will be accomplished, yet I am holding out hope. (NYT's Article) I would make an estimate of the quantity of oil spilled thus far but if you look at the NYT's article or many of my previous posts you will see that it is highly contested. Either way, this oil spill is the worst in American history, the previous being the Exxon Valdez that took place in Prince Williams Sound, AK in 1989.

BP's Guilt:

There has been a vast amount of news coverage oriented around figuring out what exactly caused this well blowout, and investigative task forces have been put together, and the government is not going to stop until the truth is known and the spill is cleaned up and on and on. I for one applaud the effort. If I were in charge I would probably do and say the same things. Hopefully with a little more expedience than what we have seen from our fearless leaders. Regardless, if you are curious about this spill and what happened and who's ultimately at fault I highly suggest watching the "60 Minutes" link I have provided. The interviews and documentation is deeply disturbing to say the least. Something has got to be done. Things need to change. It almost makes you wonder whats next or where the checks and balances are or how many people have to die?

(LINK - "60 Minutes" interview)

Personal Note:

After watching these videos, reading countless articles and on and on I find myself deeply moved by this event. This is really sad. The oil in the ocean, looks absolutely disgusting, and the quantities involved are incomprehensible to me. Yet, I do have a car, I rely on it, and the gulf provides something like a third of American oil supplies and BP is one of the, if not the, largest oil producer in America. I realize that this spill is not going to stop off shore energy production. However, seeing the responses from the BP representatives, and listening and reading the statements they have made, and then seen and reading those from the actual rig workers, makes me angry. I don't want to support a company like that. Where do those guys get off? How do they sleep at night? They have killed something like 26 Americans in the last 5 years due to negligence!

Regardless, these events and the way they have been handled does lead to some out rage on my part. Just for good measure, here is a list of BP owned companies if you, I don't know, decide not to support them: Castrol, Arco, Aral, am/pm, Amoco, and Wild Bean Cafe, and Safeway gas.

I don't usually read op-ed articles but like I said I have been reading a ton of oil spill related stuff. Ideally what I would like to see Obama's response be is to out law deep ocean oil production, because obviously the drilling technology far surpasses cleanup and mitigation technology and practices. Further, I would like to see him use this even to launch a pro-environment campaign, which would hopefully pave the way for energy production that moves away from oil into more renewable sources. Op-Ed Article. Obama ran on a platform of change. Well here is his chance to make that change....gonna make a difference,,,,gonna make it riiiiiiiight. Like I have said before, we will just have to see how it goes, I still have some faith that Obama will save the world and end the wars. C'mon Obama...

The Gulf Oil Spill: Cleanup

Spill Update:

Estimates of the quantity that has spill thus far tend to vary greatly. But the most consistent estimate is that 5,000 barrels of crude oil, a day, are being released into the Gulf. That brings us to at least 2.5 million gallons now and rising. New concerns are leading toward the spill getting pushed around the tip of Florida by the Gulf Stream and then up the Eastern Seaboard.

Cleanup Strategies:

So far the main cleanup strategies used to try and mitigate the spread of oil in the Gulf has been the use of booms, absorbent material and water skimmers, chemical dispersants and even controlled burns.

Booms tend to work very well at containing spreading oil, on the surface of water, when the water is fairly calm. However, this has not been quite the case so far in the Gulf of Mexico, not to mention the fact that this oil is being released from approximately 4500 feet below the surface of the water and since oil is lighter than water is naturally rises, however it does not all rise to the surface in the same place. Further, oil has a tendency to spread out on the surface of water. These characteristics combined with the extremely large area of water known as the Gulf of Mexico are making booms a less than ideal way to mitigate the spread of oil.

Absorbent material and skimmers are being deployed which physically remove oil from the water. These methods are very useful in cleaning/removing rather thick puddles of oil, but are rather fruitless in trying to clean up thin, dispersed oil sheens. Sheens are what is observed as oils spreads on the surface of water, typically making iridescent or rainbow colors. In fact, there have been news reports indicating that hair is an effective sponge, and being as such hair donations from hair salons around the country are being donated, hair drives are being conducted, etc to try and aid in cleanup efforts. (see article)

Chemical dispersants have by far been the most sought after solution to prevent impacts to shorelines. In fact, it is estimated that BP has deployed over 100,000 gallons of dispersants already both on the surface of the water and at depth near the physical oil well. “Dispersants are mixtures of solvents, surfactants and other additives that break up the surface tension of an oil slick and make oil more soluble in water, according to a paper published by the Natinal Academy of Science. They are spread over or in the water in very low concentration – a single gallon may cover several acres. Once they are dispersed, the tiny droplets of oil are more likely to sink or remain suspended in deep water rather than floating to the surface and collecting in a continuous slick. Dispersed oil can spread quickly in three directions instead of two and is more easily dissipated by waves and turbulence that break it up further and help many of its most toxic hydrocarbons evaporate.” (see article)

Finally, controlled burns have been tested by the coast guard, as a potential cleanup strategy, on some of the thicker puddles of oil that they have been able to corral in booms, however to be effective as a cleanup method the puddles have to be somewhat substantial as opposed to the more common sheens or thinner, more spread out oils slicks.

Long Term Solutions

So far BP has come up with 2 long term solutions to mitigate the oil spill. The first is to place a concrete and steel cone over the well and funnel the leaking oil to the surface and have it loaded on ships while a more permanent solution is reached. This funnel option is estimated to take an additional week to complete and install, by which time another 1.5 million gallons of oil will have been released into the gulf. The more permanent solution is to drill an alternate well into the existing leaking well, and capping the leaking well using mud and concrete. This drilling option has already begun, with assistance from Transocean, the company operating the Horizon oil rig which sunk causing the oil spill. However, this option may take up to 3 months to complete.

Conclusions:

Mitigation of this spill will be what determines how destructive it is to the environment, fisheries, the people who live in and around the Gulf of Mexico, the shorelines affected and the oil industry as a whole. If you read the articles linked to this post you will find that while there are pros and cons to each strategy, ultimately stopping the leak is the real solution. The short term strategies are not very effective at containing a spill of this magnitude, in this setting. The use of dispersants is kind of troubling to me. While they aid in removing the physical oil slick, they end up putting that oil into suspension in the water column, and eventually the sediments of the ocean floor putting them in greater contact with marine life, shell fish, filter feeders, and on and on. Furthermore, the effects of the use of those surfactants and dispersants on the aquatic ecosystems is largely unknown, and ingredient lists are held as trade secretes. Make you wonder what is actually going on, or at least it makes me wonder. Who knows they may be doing more harm then good and we wont know this for years potentially. So best case scenario, this sounds strange to me but, we have around one additional week of oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico at 5,000 barrels a day (210,000 gallons/day). I guess we will just have to wait and see.

For more information, actual numbers as they are being made public, clean up measures, pictures of the events visit: http://www.deepwaterhorizonresponse.com/go/site/2931/

The Gulf Oil Spill

Ok so I am back after a long dry spell. I guess you could call it a lapse in motivation, fueled by a decrease in free time, or what have you, not really important. So a little disclaimer on this blog post…for those who know me, I am an environmental consultant by trade, I studied biology and environmental studies in college and have degrees in both. By trade I do toxic waste mitigation and clean up work, largely revolving around petroleum pollution, spills, groundwater and soil contamination, and that sort of thing. While I am no expert by any means, I do have some knowledge and experience on the subject. Further, I chose my college courses based on my personal interests. That being said I have spent a lot of time studying various aspects of the natural world, oceans, creatures, geographical areas, and on and on. This brings me to the topic of this blog and likely a few more to come, which is the oil spill which has and continues to occur in the Gulf of Mexico. I don’t think that there are many people out there that will disagree with me when I say that this is a very, very unfortunate turn of events for the people who live in that area, the people who derive their income from fishing or ecotourism or some other related trade, the companies involved, the environment which is being subjected to incredible stress and pollution, the government, the surrounding states and countries and all of the species of plants and animals which will be affected by this catastrophe.

The Gulf Spill

On April 20^th, a deepwater oil exploration rig, Deepwater Horizon, caught fire in the Gulf of Mexico, and eventually sunk on the 22^nd, Earth Day, which set into motion the oil spill that is now occurring. 11 people were killed in the incident. The fire that occurred burned for 2 days, and led to the sinking of the oil rig. (Timeline of events and images).

What we are seeing now is and will likely be the largest oil spill in this nation’s history. Exxon Valdez was big; this will be even larger in a matter of days and will likely continue to get larger due to unsuccessful effort to cap the oil well. What we are witnessing is a release of an estimated 5,000 barrels of crude oil, unrefined oil, a day. (A barrel of oil, abbreviated bbl, is equivalent to 42 US gallons.) The BBC has produced a great map of this incident and many articles and even video coverage of the situation. (Map/Article)

The entire outcome of this situation is a little uncertain at this point. What we do know is that BP is taking full reasonability for the cleanup efforts, and rightly so. BP was leasing the rig from a company called Transocean, who was in charge of the drilling activities under BP supervision, which sank causing this oil spill. Further, BP owns the oil well, and the area of ocean where the oil well is located, approximately 50 miles off the coast of Louisiana. We know the extent of the spill. We know that it will make it to shore. The extent of the pollution and spill will have to be assessed as events unfold. So far over 1.6 million gallons of oil have been spilled and the oil continues to flow out of the well.

Nothing good will come from this. However, what is nice to see is that BP is taking responsibility, and has been very responsive toward the situation. BP has brought members of the Big 5 (ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips), the army, and the government together along with help from local fishermen to try and mitigate this mess. However, I don’t see this being a successful venture being as oil continues to flow from the well.